Estimates fractal dimension from the rate of sign changes in a time
series' first difference (a fast proxy for signal irregularity).
Ported from Lucas Franca's own mrpheus package (AASM staging feature
pipeline), itself validated for exact parity against the antropy
Python library; re-validated here directly against antropy 0.2.2 on
synthetic test data (exact match). See inst/COPYRIGHTS.